Before discussing the core significance of agricultural market regulation in Karnataka, we need to understand the Karnataka APMC Act. The Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation and Development) Act, 1966, established Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) to regulate the buying and selling of agricultural produce, ensure fair prices, and protect farmers from exploitation by intermediaries.
Before discussing the core significance of agricultural market regulation in Karnataka, we need to understand the Karnataka APMC Act.
The Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation and Development) Act, 1966, established Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) to regulate the buying and selling of agricultural produce, ensure fair prices, and protect farmers from exploitation by intermediaries.
Agricultural market regulation in Karnataka plays a crucial role in ensuring fair trade, price transparency, and farmer protection. The Karnataka APMC Act regulates the sale of agricultural produce, preventing exploitation by middlemen and ensuring competitive pricing. Maintaining structured market yards facilitates efficient price discovery, reduces post-harvest losses, and ensures proper weighing and grading of produce.
We can say that the recent amendments have aimed at liberalizing markets, allowing direct transactions between farmers and buyers while ensuring regulatory oversight. These measures help stabilize prices, enhance farmer incomes, and promote a well-functioning agricultural economy in Karnataka.
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly passed the APMC Amendment Bill on March 10. 2025, which required eCommerce platforms like Amazon, BigBasket, D-Mart, and Udaan to pay a cess to local mandis for selling essential staples, including rice, flour, fruits, and vegetables.
Thus, the main objective of the Karnataka government to introduce the 2025 APMC Amendment Act is to regulate e-commerce platforms and impose a cess on them.
The Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation and Development) Act of 1966 was enacted to establish a uniform framework for the regulation of buying and selling agricultural produce and to oversee the establishment of markets across the state.
The Karnataka APMC Act of 1966 plays a pivotal role in regulating agricultural marketing within the state, aiming to create a structured and fair marketplace for both producers and buyers.
Act 27 of 1966 repealed and replaced several Acts, which covered various areas, such as The Bombay Agricultural Produce Market Act 1939, The Madras Commercial Crops Markets Act, 1933, The Coorg Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1956, and The Mysore Agricultural Produce Markets Act. 1939.
We thoroughly read, accessed, and analyzed the official document of the Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation and Development) Act of 1966 to highlight the key objectives and provisions of the original Act.
The Karnataka agricultural trade laws mandate that all agricultural produce intended for sale must pass through designated market yards or sub-yards managed by APMCs. This regulation ensures a structured sales process, protecting farmers from potential exploitation. Traders and commission agents are required to obtain licenses from APMCs, which maintain oversight and enforce fair trading practices.
The collection of market fees and cess by APMCs is utilized for the development and maintenance of market infrastructure, thereby facilitating better marketing conditions for agricultural produce.
The Government of Karnataka imposed strict control over agricultural produce and trade between 1966 and 2003, requiring farmers to sell their produce through APMC-designated markets. This regulation was intended to protect farmers from exploitation but restricted their ability to access better prices and alternate markets.
During this tenure, the government made several amendments and changes in various Acts, starting from the Amending Act 19 of 1969, followed by the Amending Act 3 of 1970, the Amending Act 20 of 1973, and many more.
However, a significant change took place during the 2003 Amendment, which allowed private markets and companies to purchase directly from the farmers. The aim of introducing this major amendment was to increase competition, improve price realization, and attract private investment in agricultural marketing infrastructure. It also sought to minimize post-harvest losses and improve supply chain efficiency.
While the amendment expanded market opportunities, its success depended on effective implementation and farmers’ ability to leverage new trade channels. It marked a step toward a more liberalized agricultural market in Karnataka.
The 2020 Amendment to the Karnataka APMC Act introduced market liberalization, allowing farmers to sell their produce outside APMC-regulated markets. This enabled direct trade with private buyers, wholesalers, and agribusinesses without APMC intervention.
The reform aimed to provide farmers with better price discovery, reduce dependency on middlemen and enhance competition in agricultural trade. It was expected to boost farmers' income by offering multiple selling options.
However, the amendment faced strong opposition from farmer groups and traders, who feared price exploitation, market instability, and the weakening of APMCs. Despite its intent to empower farmers, concerns over fair pricing and market control led to significant protests.
In May 2023, the Congress-led government repealed the 2020 amendments to the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act, reinstating APMCs' regulatory authority over agricultural markets. This decision was driven by concerns that the previous liberalization neither benefited farmers nor improved their economic status.
The government emphasized its commitment to protecting farmers' interests by restoring the traditional market structure. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah stated that the amendments would be reviewed to ensure they align with the welfare of small and marginal farmers, who constitute over 85% of the state's agriculturists.
This move aimed to ensure fair pricing and prevent potential exploitation in a deregulated market. However, according to a Times of India report, the decision to repeal the amendment saw a mixed reaction from the farming and trading communities.
In May 2023, the Congress-led government repealed the 2020 amendments to the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act, reinstating APMCs' regulatory authority over agricultural markets. This decision was driven by concerns that the previous liberalization neither benefited farmers nor improved their economic status.
The government emphasized its commitment to protecting farmers' interests by restoring the traditional market structure. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah stated that the amendments would be reviewed to ensure they align with the welfare of small and marginal farmers, who constitute over 85% of the state's agriculturists.
This move aimed to ensure fair pricing and prevent potential exploitation in a deregulated market. However, according to a Times of India report, the decision to repeal the amendment saw a mixed reaction from the farming and trading communities.
We will discuss the Karnataka APMC Act Amendment 2025 in detail.
So, as mentioned earlier, the Karnataka government passed the 2025 Amendment Bill on March 10, to regulate popular eCommerce platforms like Amazon, Big Basket, Flipkart, and Udaan.
According to the new Amendment. all these eCommerce platforms have to now pay a cess to the Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) or local mandis when they sell food grain items, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. The eCommerce warehouse regulation bill also includes "warehouse service providers," including those operating dark stores.
The Karnataka government has introduced stringent eCommerce cess regulation India, impacting online grocery platforms and warehouse operators. Under the new rules, APMC licensing for e-commerce is mandatory, requiring grocery platforms to register with the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC). Additionally, warehouse operators must secure trading licenses to legally store and distribute agricultural goods.
The Agricultural Director will grant licenses to eCommerce platforms and warehouse operators and is empowered to take action against platforms indulged in cess fraud according to Agricultural Marketing Minister Shivanand S Patil.
A key financial obligation is the agricultural trade cess India, now applicable to all agricultural goods sold via e-commerce. Platforms must disclose cess rates per product category, ensuring greater transparency. Compliance also mandates monthly tax filing and record submission, reinforcing accountability in online agricultural trade.
To enforce these measures, authorities will monitor transactions through an online system, tracking cess payments and trade activities. Non-compliance could lead to fines and potential license revocation, making adherence crucial for platforms operating in the state.
The Karnataka APMC Amendment Act 2025 mandates that e-commerce platforms obtain licenses and pay a cess on agricultural transactions. This would increase compliance costs and necessitate restructuring of supply chains to align with new regulatory requirements. Previously, these platforms were operating outside APMC law, but now they must adhere to the compulsory regulations, impacting their operational strategies.
The amendment aims to bring e-commerce platforms under the APMC's regulatory framework, potentially increasing revenue collection through cess payments. However, there are concerns that these changes could affect pricing structures and market access for farmers, depending on how e-commerce platforms adjust to the new obligations.
The APMC licensing for e-commerce extends regulations to warehouse service providers and dark stores, requiring them to obtain licenses and comply with cess payments. This results in higher operational costs due to licensing fees and the need for compliance infrastructure. Warehouses must also ensure safe storage and adequate insurance coverage, adding to their responsibilities.
The impact on quick-commerce grocery delivery is substantial, as additional online grocery platform compliance costs and cess payments could slow down operations and affect the affordability of instant grocery deliveries. Platforms may need to reassess service models to remain competitive under the new regulations.
eCommerce platforms, dealing in agricultural products must register with APMC to obtain the necessary licenses. They must pay cess on all transactions and disclose cess rates per product category to ensure transparency.
Warehouse providers, quick commerce, and dark stores must also secure trading licenses and comply with cess payments.
They are required to compulsorily submit monthly tax filings for regulatory oversight.
If any eCommerce platform or business entity fails to comply with the Karnataka agricultural trade laws, they will have to pay hefty fines, or their license may be suspended or revoked based on the discretion of the Agricultural Marketing Director.
For example, Udaan was fined Rs 25 lakh for evading the cess.
The government has introduced an online monitoring system to track transactions and cess payments, ensuring adherence. Failure to comply may invite strict legal action from APMC authorities.
The Karnataka Assembly's recent passage of the Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation and Development) (Amendment) Bill introduces significant regulatory measures for e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, BigBasket, D-Mart, and Udaan. This legislation mandates that these platforms, when facilitating the sale of notified agricultural produce like rice, flour, fruits, and vegetables, must pay a cess to local Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs).
The Karnataka APMC Act Amendment 2025 introduces stricter regulations on eCommerce platforms selling notified agricultural produce. It mandates these platforms to pay a cess to local APMCs, ensuring fair trade practices, increased government oversight, and greater protection for farmers in the agricultural supply chain.
Karnataka’s agricultural trade laws require eCommerce platforms selling specified agricultural products to operate under APMC regulations. These platforms must register with APMCs, pay a cess on transactions, and comply with fair trading practices, ensuring transparency, preventing price manipulation, and safeguarding farmers’ interests in digital marketplaces.
The APMC cess increases the operational costs of eCommerce platforms dealing in agricultural produce. It affects pricing strategies, reduces profit margins, and may lead to price hikes for consumers. Compliance requires financial adjustments, potentially influencing the competitiveness of online platforms against traditional wholesale markets.
eCommerce platforms must pay a cess of 5% on the sale of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Alternately, the less levied on grains and staples is 2%, and for dairy products, it is 3%. This cess is collected by the respective APMCs and is used to maintain market infrastructure, regulate trade, and ensure farmer welfare, as mandated by the Karnataka APMC Amendment 2025.
Non-compliance with the APMC Act can lead to heavy financial penalties and potential suspension of trade licenses. The agricultural marketing director has the authority to take strict measures against violators, including fines and restrictions, ensuring adherence to the regulatory framework governing agricultural trade in Karnataka.
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